Born at Porbandar,Gujrath (formerly Bombay presidency) on 2 October 1869 as the son of Putli bai Gandhi (Mother) and Karamchand Gandhi (Father).
He is known as "Father of the Nation"( Netaji Subash Chandra Bose addressed him so first time).He stood at forefront of Indian freedom struggle.The year 1919 to 1947 known as Gandhian Era in Indian freedom struggle. He started his fight against colonialism from South Africa. He introduced the concept of Ahimsa and Satyagraha.
“ Maharaja Harishchandra” a classical drama greatly influenced on his childhood.
He married Kasturbai Makhanji (Kasturba" or affectionately to "Ba") in his 13th age in 1883. They had four children-Harilal,Manilal,Ramdas and Devdas.
Gandhi first used his famous weopon “ satyagraha” (devotion to the truth) from South Africa against white people discriminations.Ahimsa and Truth are the basic of Satyagraha.
Gandhiji returned to India from South Africa in 1915 on the advice of his political guru Gopal Krishna Gokhale (Pravasi Bharatiya Divas or Non-resident Indian Day is celebrated on 9 January each year in India on this memory) .In 1917,he started his first struggle in india against British with Champaran agitation (Bihar) and Kheda Satyagraha(Gujrath) . It was during this agitation that Gandhi was addressed by the people as Bapu (Father) and Mahatma (Great Soul).
Non-cooperation movement
Under the leadership of Gandhi congress made a new face. It became more popular among common people. Gandhi opened non cooperation movement against British raj in 1919 and called off after Chauri Chaura incident in February 1922. Gandhi was arrested on 10 March 1922, tried for sedition, and sentenced to six years' imprisonment. He began his sentence on 18 March 1922. He was released in February 1924 due to his bad physical condition, having served only 2 years.
Salt Satyagraha (Dandi March)
Gandhi launched a new sathyagraha against the tax on salt in March 1930. This was highlighted by the famous Salt March to Dandi from 12 March to 6 April, where he marched 388 kilometers (241 miles) from Ahmedabad to Dandi, Gujarat to make salt himself. Thousands of Indians joined him on this march to the sea. This simple act was immediately followed by a nation-wide defiance of the law. This movement galvanized the whole nation and came to be known as "Civil Disobedience Movement".
Gandhi–Irwin Pact
The Gandhi–Irwin Pact was signed in 5 March 1931. The British Government agreed to free all political prisoners, in return for the suspension of the civil disobedience movement. Also as a result of the pact, Gandhi was invited to attend the Round Table Conference in London as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.He attended second Round Table Conference.
Quit India Movement
Gandhi’s next important strike against British was quit India movement started during second world war.Famous slogan Karo Ya Maro ("Do or Die") raised during this period.
Gandhi and the entire Congress Working Committee were arrested in Bombay by the British on 9 August 1942. Gandhi was held for two years in the Aga Khan Palace in Pune. In view of his deteriorating health he was released from the jail in May 1944.
On 30 January 1948, Gandhi was shot dead by Nathuram Godse. The last words on the lips of Gandhiji were “Hey Ram”.( January 30 as Martyrdom day in India)
Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were later tried and convicted; they were executed on 15 November 1949.
Godse and his co-conspirator Narayan Apte were later tried and convicted; they were executed on 15 November 1949.
More on Gandhi
- Gandhi founded “ Tolstoy Farm” in Johannesburg and “ Phenix Settlement” in Durban to spread Ahimsa and Equality.
- John Ruskin’s famous book “Unto This Last” greatly influenced Gandhi.
- Autobiography of Gandhi : The Story of My Experiments with Truth published in 1927.
- “ my life is my message” Gandhi.
- Mahātmā or "Great Soul" first called by Rabindranath Tagore.
- He started four news papers named as Harijan, Indian Opinion, Young India, Navajivan.
- In 1924 Belgaum Congress conference elected Gandhi as president.
- Gandhi Founded Satyagraha Ashram (later known as Sabarmati Ashram after the name of the river) at Ahmedabad in 1915.
- Gandhi's complete works were published by the Indian government under the name “The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi” in the 1960s.
- On 15 June 2007, it was announced that the "United Nations General Assembly" has "unanimously adopted" a resolution declaring 2 October as "the International Day of Non-Violence."
- Time magazine named Gandhi the Man of the Year in 1930.
- Meera Bahan and Sarala Bahan known as English Daughters of Gandhi.
- Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace Prize, although he was nominated five times between 1937 and 1948.
- Ben Kingsley portrayed Gandhi in the 1982 film “Gandhi”, which was awarded the Academy Award for Best Picture.
Gandhi and Kerala
Gandhi came to kerala five times.
1. 18 August 1920 as part of Khilaphat Movement.
2. 8 march 1925 –vaikkom satyagraha
3. 9 october 1927 as part of south indian visit.
4. 10 january 1934- harijan fund collection
5. 12 november 1936-temple entry proclamation.
Other Gandhies
African Gandhi : Kennath Kounda
American Gandhi : Martin Luther King
Burmese Gandhi : Ong San Suu Kyi
Indonesian Gandhi : Sukarno
Burmese Gandhi : Ong San Suu Kyi
Indonesian Gandhi : Sukarno
Kosavo Gandhi : Ibrahim Rugeva
South African Gandhi : Nelson Mandela
Sri Lankan Gandhi : Ariya Retne
Black Gandhi : Koffi Annan
Gaffer Frontier Gandhi : Khan Abdul Khan
Modern Gandhi : Baba Amthe
South Indian Gandhi : Kamaraj
South Indian Gandhi : Kamaraj
Bihar Gandhi : Dr. Rajendraprasad
Dehi Gandhi : C.Krishnan Nair
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